Organ Transplants

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Kidney Transplant
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About kidney transplants
Are kidney transplants done in India?
Can you find a kidney donor for us in India
Costs
Steps to get a kidney transplant
done in India
Summary


About kidney transplants
What is a kidney transplant?
A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure in which a person whose own kidneys have failed receives a new kidney to take over the blood purification function. The surgery is classified as a major one but advancements in medicine have greatly improved the success rates and the acceptability of donors who would some years ago have been rejected. Kidney donations come from two sources: living donors and non-living donors. A living donor may be a family member, close friend or even a stranger who wishes to donate a kidney to anyone in need of a transplant.( In India donations by unrelated living donors require special approvals from the government). Deceased donor kidneys usually come from people who have willed their kidneys before their death.
How is donor-patient kidney compatibility tested?
What blood tests are performed to determine if a person is a compatible kidney donor?
Blood type
A simple blood test is performed to verify the blood type of the donor and the patient. Given below is a compatibility table:
Tissue typing
Tissue typing is a blood test that evaluates the compatibility between the tissue of the donor and the patient.
The human leukocyte antigen test, also known as HLA, is a test that detects antigens (genetic markers in white blood cells that trigger antibody production). The HLA test is used to verify tissue compatibility typing of tissue recipients and donors
Siblings (brothers and sisters) usually have the best chance of being a perfect match (6 of 6 antigens). Recent developments in anti-rejection medications have cut down the occurrence of rejection in kidneys from unrelated donors
Crossmatching
Blood samples of the donor and the patient are allowed to mix in the laboratory. If the interface does not result in any cell damage, compatibility is indicated. On the other hand, if cells begin to die, the conclusion is non-compatibility.
If the blood tests indicate compatibility, the potential donor is examined to verity that his physical condition does not preclude the donation. Counseling is also provided.
WE DO NOT ORGANISE KIDNEY DONORS
TRAFFICKING IN ORGAN DONATIONS IS A CRIME
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What are the risks of kidney transplantation?
As with any surgery, the common risks are bleeding, infection, or breathing problems. The patient could be more prone to infections, as immune-suppression medication taken after transplantation lowers the body’s defence against infection. The specific risk is organ rejection.
What is kidney rejection?
Kidney rejection is caused when the body’s immune system recognizes the transplanted kidney as a ‘foreign’ object and activates the body’s defence mechanism. The degree of rejection depends on a number of factors including the extent of mismatch between the donor and the patient’s tissues.
Rejection is overcome by taking medications every day. Anti-rejection medications have possible side effects (high blood pressure, weight gain and a susceptibility to infections and tumors) because the body's immune system is suppressed. The side effects usually are manageable for most patients.
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The kidney transplant procedure
Kidney transplant surgery usually lasts three to five hours. The damaged kidneys are usually left in place, with the new kidney being placed in the lower abdomen. The artery and vein of the new kidney will be attached to an artery and vein in the lower part of the abdomen, just above one of the legs. The new kidney's ureter, the tube that links the kidney to the bladder, will be connected to the bladder.
The transplanted kidney may function immediately. In some cases the kidney begins to work only after a week or so. Soreness or pain around the surgery site is common.. The recovery time in the hospital is usually about seven days. We advise patients from outside of India to come prepared for a 10-12 week stay, post-discharge, in the city where the transplant is done. This is to facilitate routine dressings initially and for monitoring thereafter.
What are the chances of a successful kidney transplant?
With proper matching and appropriate medication, the chances of a successful transplant are good. A successful kidney transplant gives the patient strength and vitality. The patient can return to a close to normal diet and food intake. A more normal lifestyle and more independence in day to day activities is possible.
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Are kidney transplants done in India?
Yes, kidney transplants are done exceptionally well at many hospitals in India. The success rates match international standards. Indian doctors have a wealth of experience in kidney transplants owing to the large number of procedures done. We offer kidney transplants at five leading centres in India.
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Can you find a kidney donor for us in India
Sorry, we take on only those cases where the donor is organised by the patient’s family. Preferably, the donor should be a close relative of the patient. Siblings, parents, children and spouse come under the category of 'close relatives'.
In cases where the donor is not a close relative, government permission is required and is given only if it is established that there is no commercial angle whatsoever to the donation.
In view of various ethical and legal issues involving the sale of kidneys, we do not take on the responsibility of organising kidney donors.
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Costs
Hospital costs : The total cost of the kidney transplant would be $ 15,000 to $ 30,000 depending on the ward category, extent of treatment, complications, etc. Hospital stay would be about 8 days for the donor, 15 days for the patient. The cost includes all hospital costs from the time of admission of the patient and the donor till the time of their discharge after the transplant.
Accommodation outside the hospital : The patient will need to stay in an apartment near the hospital for about 2 weeks before the surgery and for about 8-10 weeks after the transplant. Accommodation in a furnished apartment starts at about $ 650 a month.


Four steps to get a kidney transplant done in India
1 Identify a donor from your country, preferable a relative
2 Please investigate donor-patient compatibility in your country or a neighbouring country if possible. If not you can send us samples for HLA typing ( couriers may have restrictions). If this also is not possible, you will need to come to India for investigations
3 Once compatibility is confirmed, both the patient and donor will be investigated for operability
4 Transplant will take place after the above confirmations and completion of documentation relating to the donation of kidney ( We will need Government permission in cases where the donor and patient are not closely related)
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Summary
1 Medically speaking, we can organise a kidney transplant procedure at one of the best hospitals in India. The success rate is at world class levels.
2 There are no legal issues if the donor is a close relative
3 In cases where the donor is not a close relative, Govt. permission is necessary but may or may not be given depending on the circumstances of the case.
4 We do not organise donors for kidneys
5 The total cost of the kidney transplant would be $ 15,000 to $ 30,000 depending on the ward category, extent of treatment, complications, etc
6 Hospital stay would be about 8 days for the donor, 15 days for the patient.
7 The patient will need to stay in an apartment near the hospital for 2 weeks before the surgery and for about 8-10 weeks after the transplant. Accommodation in a furnished apartment costs start at about $ 600 a month.
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How can you improve your mental health and well-being in 2015?

Published by Unknown // On 1:39:00 PM // 0 comments

How can you improve your mental health and well-being in 2015?

As 2014 comes to a close, many of us are thinking about resolutions for the new year. But while the majority of our goals for 2015 will incorporate improvements in physical health - such as hitting the gym and losing weight - have you thought about how you could improve your mental health?
A man thinking about his goals for 2015
The new year is almost here. But have you thought about ways you can improve your mental health and well-being in 2015?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO): "Mental health is an integral part of health; indeed, there is no health without mental health."
This is a statement that is supported by numerous studies. One from 2012 published in The BMJ, for example, found that individuals with poor mental health are at increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Other research recently reported by Medical News Today linked mental illness to a higher risk of heart disease and stroke.
What is more, studies have associated poor mental health with gender discrimination, social exclusion, increased risk of violence and crime and an unhealthy lifestyle.
But what is the definition of good mental health? WHO say it is a "state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community."
The UK's Mental Health Foundation also describe good mental health as the ability to learn, form good relationships with others and express, manage and feel an array of positive and negative emotions.
In this spotlight feature, we look at some ways in which you could improve your mental health and well-being, ready to take on whatever life throws at you in 2015.

Adopting a healthy diet

Most of us are aware that a healthy, balanced diet is beneficial for physical health. It can help with weight maintenance and protect against a range of illnesses, including heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
But following a healthy diet also has benefits for mental well-being. As the Mental Health Foundation state: "Your brain needs a mix of nutrients to stay healthy and function well, just like the other organs in your body."
One of the healthiest diets is considered to be the Mediterranean diet, which incorporates high consumption of beans, nuts, cereals, seeds, plant-based foods and fruits. The diet is also low in saturated fat, includes moderate consumption of fish, poultry and dairy, and low consumption of meats and sugary foods.
A woman holding fruit
Experts say following a healthy diet is beneficial for good mental health and well-being.
A 2012 study reported by MNT revealed that the Mediterranean diet is not only good for physical health, but it is also beneficial for mental well-being. And in 2013, another study of almost 11,000 middle-aged women found that those who followed a Mediterranean diet not only lived longer than control participants, but they also had better cognitive function and mental health.
"Maintaining physical, cognitive and mental health with aging may provide a more powerful incentive for dietary change than simply prolonging life or avoiding any single chronic disease," said the researchers of that study.
In September, MNT also reported on a study published in BMJ Open suggesting that eating five portions of fruits and vegetables a day is good for mental well-being.
The research team - led by Dr. Saverio Stranges of the University of Warwick Medical School in the UK - found that of 14,000 adults, 35.5% of participants who ate five or more portions of fruits and vegetables a day had good mental well-being, compared with 6.8% of participants who ate less than one portion a day.
"These novel findings suggest that fruit and vegetable intake may play a potential role as a driver, not just of physical, but also of mental well-being in the general population," said Dr. Stranges.
There are a number of foods and drinks that are associated with poor mental health. "The foods and drinks that most often cause problems are those containing sugar, artificial additives (E numbers) and caffeine, as spikes in our intake in these can be detrimental to our mental health," Sam Challis, information manager of UK mental health charity Mind, told MNT.
High alcohol consumption has also been linked to increased risk of anxiety and depression, therefore mental health experts recommend limiting alcohol intake to promote good mental well-being.

Regular exercise

Physical activity is important for all aspects of health, including mental well-being. The US Department of Health and Human Services recommend that adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each week or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise.
But you do not have to engage in long, dull sessions on the treadmill to reap the mental health benefits of exercise. Recently, MNT reported on a study by researchers from the University of Michigan, which found that group nature walks could promote good mental well-being.
"Walking is an inexpensive, low risk and accessible form of exercise, and it turns out that combined with nature and group settings, it may be a very powerful, under-utilized stress buster," said study leader Dr. Sara Warber, associate professor of family medicine at the University of Michigan, adding:
"Our findings suggest that something as simple as joining an outdoor walking group may not only improve someone's daily positive emotions but may also contribute a non-pharmacological approach to serious conditions like depression."
Challis noted that research from Mind also found that 9 out of 10 individuals who took part in green exercise activities, such as walking and gardening, reported improved mood. Other studies have shown that outdoor exercise can be as effective as antidepressants in treating mild to moderate depression and anxiety. Challis told MNT:
"Being cooped up indoors or living a largely sedentary lifestyle both at the office and on the sofa at home can have a knock-on effect on mental health.
Getting physically fit and achieving personal goals boosts our confidence and self-esteem and helps combat feelings of hopelessness, which can often come over us when we're feeling low."

Get more sleep

It is common knowledge that sleep problems can affect our mental well-being. A 2010 study by researchers from the George Institute on Global Health in Australia found that people who have less than 5 hours sleep a night may be at higher risk of mental illness.
A woman sleeping
"Too little sleep over a sustained period can leave you vulnerable to developing mental health problems," says Sam Challis.
"Sleep problems - even quite mild ones - can damage your well-being and quality of life," Challis told us. "Too little sleep over a sustained period can leave you vulnerable to developing mental health problems, but there are lots of things that you can do to improve your chances of getting a good night's sleep."
The Mayo Clinic recommend going to bed and getting up at the same time every day - even at the weekends and during holidays - as a routine can boost the body's sleep-wake cycle, promoting a better night's sleep.
A bedtime ritual - such as a warm bath or reading a book - may also encourage better sleep, as such rituals tell the body it is time to wind down. "Electrical screens, TVs, computers and phones all stimulate your brain, making it hard to relax, so it's best to switch them off in advance, to help you switch off," noted Challis.
Challis also told us that the sleep environment is important for a good night's sleep, and that most people tend to sleep better in a cool, dark and quiet room.
A high intake of alcohol, caffeine and sugary foods in the evening can disrupt sleep patterns, so experts recommend limiting their use for a better night's sleep.

Manage stress

All of us experience stress at some point. Whether a result of work, relationships or money problems, it is widely accepted that stress can take a toll on our mental health.
In February, MNT reported on a study by researchers from the University of California-Berkeley that found stress can make the brain more susceptible to mental illness. But there are ways in which we can reduce or manage stress to promote better mental well-being.
Numerous studies have reported the stress-reducing benefits of yoga and mindfulness-based meditation. A 2008 study published in PLOS ONE found that the activities put the body into a state of rest by changing its gene response to stress. A more recent study found that yoga may reduce the risk of anxiety and depression in expectant mothers.
Staying positive during difficult times may also reduce stress. A 2012 study published in the journal Psychological Science found that smiling during stressful periods could lower the body's stress response, regardless of whether a person is feeling happy or sad.
Adopting the lifestyle changes mentioned previously - such as a healthy diet, regular exercise and quality sleep - can also help combat stress. "Other useful techniques for managing ongoing stress include making lists to help put things into perspective, taking regular breaks and being assertive about not taking on too much," said Challis.
When it comes to tackling work-related stress, Challis told MNT:
"Developing good relationships with colleagues so you can build up a network of support and confiding in someone you trust, at work or outside, about what upsets you or makes you feel stressed can help you feel on top of workplace stress."

Get into paid or voluntary work, or take up a hobby

But although employment can cause stress, being unemployed may be even more detrimental to mental health.
A woman happy to be gardening
"Concentrating on a hobby, like gardening or the crossword, can help you forget your worries for a while and change your mood," say experts from the Mental Health Foundation.
"Being in paid employment is generally considered to be a good thing," Challis said. "It's more than just a way of earning a living: it provides identity, contact and friendship with other people, a way of putting structure in your life and an opportunity to meet goals and to contribute. And while it's possible to embrace an alternative point of view, and thrive without paid work, unemployment is linked with poor physical and mental health and poverty."
But according to the Mental Health Foundation, taking up voluntary work or adopting a hobby may be just as effective in promoting good mental health.
"Caring for others is often an important part of keeping up relationships with people close to you. It can even bring you closer together," say experts from the organization. "Concentrating on a hobby, like gardening or the crossword, can help you forget your worries for a while and change your mood. It can be good to have an interest where you're not seen as someone's mum or dad, partner or employee. You're just you."
Challis told us that having interaction with friends and family is also important for good mental health.
"People are naturally social beings and most of us feel the need for rewarding social contact and relationships," he added. "Being sociable and connecting with other people is rewarding in its own right and can help significantly improve mental well-being. Perhaps even more importantly, building up a support network can also be vital for when you aren't feeling so good."

Setting your goals for 2015: be realistic!

Now that MNT have outlined some ways in which you can promote good mental well-being for 2015, it is time to put them into action.
But Challis told us that when setting personal goals for the new year, it is important to be realistic:
"By setting yourself over-ambitious New Year's resolutions, you're potentially setting yourself up to 'fail,' and this can have a real impact on your self-esteem.
Instead of aiming for unrealistic targets that may distress you, try to think more broadly about your mental well-being. Simple things can contribute to a much more positive outlook on life, such as engaging in some exercise, making time for loved ones or taking time out for yourself to relax."
The Mental Health Foundation echo Challis and provide some other tips on setting New Year's resolutions and sticking to them:
  • Set your goals ahead of New Year's Day; do not wait until the last minute
  • Talk to friends, family and work colleagues about your resolutions and tell them how they can help you stick to them
  • Keep a weekly record of how far you have come; this can help you stay motivated
  • When you achieve a goal, celebrate by treating yourself
  • If you slip up - for example, you break your diet one day - treat it as a minor setback. You can always get back on track the following day
  • It will take time to get used to any changes you have made, but if you are finding it difficult, do not give up!
As experts from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) told us, you do not need a new year to make healthy changes; you can make them at any time of the year.
"But New Year is an opportunity to think about the improvements you'd like to make and then take concrete steps to achieve them," they added. "Set realistic goals, develop an action plan and set it in motion."
The MNT team wish you all a healthy and happy 2015!
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Copyright: Medical News Today

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ALL ABOUT HUAWEI

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Nokia Lumia 1020
Nokia Lumia 1020 is also known as Nokia EOS, Nokia Elvis and Nokia 909. Comes as Nokia Lumia 1020RM-876 without 4G and Nokia Lumia 1020RM-875 and Nokia Lumia 1020 RM-877 with 4G connectivity.

General Information
2G Network RM-875, RM-876, RM-877 – GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
3G Network RM-875, RM-877 – HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100
RM-876 – HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1700 / 1900 / 2100
4G Network RM-875 – LTE 800 / 900 / 1800 / 2100 / 2600
RM-876 – LTE 700 / 850 / 1700 / 1900 / 2100
SIM Micro SIM
Status Available July 2013

Body
Dimensions 130.4 x 71.4 x 10.4mm, 158 grams (5.13 x 2.81 x 0.41 inches, 5.57 oz)
Keyboard Touchscreen
Colors White, Black, Red Yellow
Cover Plastic

Display
Type PureMotion HD+ ClearBlack display, Corning Gorilla Glass 3, AMOLED capacitive touchscreen touchsreen with 16,000,000 colors
Size 768 x 1280 pixels, 4.5 inches, 322 pixels per inch (PPI)

Memory And OS
Card slot No
Internal 32GB and 64GB versions
OS Windows Phone 8 OS
Processors 1.5 GHz dual-core Krait CPU, Qualcomm MSM8960 Snapdragon Chipset, Adreno 225 GPU
RAM 2GB

Audio
Alert types Vibration, MP3 ringtones
Loudspeaker Yes, Dolby Digital Plus
Audio port 3.5mm jack, Dolby Headphone sound enhancement

Connectivity
2G GPRS – up to 85.6 kbps; EDGE – up to 236.8 kbps
3G Up to 42.2 mbps uplink; Up to 5.76 mbps downlink
4G Up to 100mbps downlink; Up to 50mbps uplink
WIFI Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot, dual-band, DLNA
Bluetooth Version 3.0, A2DP, EDR
GPS A-GPS, GLONASS
NFC Yes
USB MicroUSB v2.0

Camera
Primary 41MP, up to 7152 x 5368 pixels pixel pictures, Carl Zeiss optics, optical image stabilization, autofocus, 1/1.5” sensor size, 1.12 µm pixel size, PureView technology, geo-tagging, panorama camera with dual-LED flash
Video 1080p@30fps, video stabilization, stereo sound recording, continuous autofocus, 4x lossless digital zoom
Secondary 1.2 MP, up to 1280×960 pixel pictures, 720p@30fps

Battery
Capacity 2000mAh Li-Ion battery (non-removable)
Stand-by Up to 590 hours (2G), Up to 440 hours (3G)
Talk time Up to 18 hours, 20 minutes (2G), Up to 12 hours, 40 minutes (3G)
Music play Up to 55 hours

Other Features
Sensors Accelerometer, Proximity, Compass, Gyro, Light sensor
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Push Mail, IM
Browser HTML5
Java No
Miscellaneous - Active noise cancellation with dedicated mic
– Wireless charging
– Nokia Music, Mix Radio (Uses Internet connectivity)
– 7GB free SkyDrive storage
– MP3/WAV/eAAC+/WMA player
– MP4/H.264/H.263/WMV player
– Document viewer/editor
– Video/photo editor

Price
Price level About 780 USD


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