Kidney Transplant
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About kidney transplants
What is a kidney transplant?
A kidney transplant is a surgical
procedure in which a person whose own kidneys have failed receives a new
kidney to take over the blood purification function. The surgery is
classified as a major one but advancements in medicine have greatly
improved the success rates and the acceptability of donors who would
some years ago have been rejected.
Kidney donations come from two sources: living donors and non-living
donors. A living donor may be a family member, close friend or even a
stranger who wishes to donate a kidney to anyone in need of a
transplant.( In India donations by unrelated living donors require
special approvals from the government). Deceased donor kidneys usually
come from people who have willed their kidneys before their death.
How is donor-patient kidney compatibility tested?
What blood tests are performed to determine if a person is a compatible kidney donor?
What blood tests are performed to determine if a person is a compatible kidney donor?
Blood type
A simple blood test is performed to verify the blood type of the donor and the patient. Given below is a compatibility table:
Tissue typing
Tissue typing is a blood test that evaluates the compatibility between the tissue of the donor and the patient.
The human leukocyte antigen test, also
known as HLA, is a test that detects antigens (genetic markers in white
blood cells that trigger antibody production). The HLA test is used to
verify tissue compatibility typing of tissue recipients and donors
Siblings (brothers and sisters) usually
have the best chance of being a perfect match (6 of 6 antigens). Recent
developments in anti-rejection medications have cut down the occurrence
of rejection in kidneys from unrelated donors
Crossmatching
Blood samples of the donor and the patient
are allowed to mix in the laboratory. If the interface does not result
in any cell damage, compatibility is indicated. On the other hand, if
cells begin to die, the conclusion is non-compatibility.
If the blood tests indicate compatibility,
the potential donor is examined to verity that his physical condition
does not preclude the donation. Counseling is also provided.
WE DO NOT ORGANISE KIDNEY DONORS
TRAFFICKING IN ORGAN DONATIONS IS A CRIME
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What are the risks of kidney transplantation?
As with any surgery, the common risks are
bleeding, infection, or breathing problems. The patient could be more
prone to infections, as immune-suppression medication taken after
transplantation lowers the body’s defence against infection. The
specific risk is organ rejection.
What is kidney rejection?
Kidney rejection is caused when the body’s
immune system recognizes the transplanted kidney as a ‘foreign’ object
and activates the body’s defence mechanism. The degree of rejection
depends on a number of factors including the extent of mismatch between
the donor and the patient’s tissues.
Rejection is overcome by taking
medications every day. Anti-rejection medications have possible side
effects (high blood pressure, weight gain and a susceptibility to
infections and tumors) because the body's immune system is suppressed.
The side effects usually are manageable for most patients.
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The kidney transplant procedure
Kidney transplant surgery usually lasts
three to five hours. The damaged kidneys are usually left in place, with
the new kidney being placed in the lower abdomen. The artery and vein
of the new kidney will be attached to an artery and vein in the lower
part of the abdomen, just above one of the legs. The new kidney's
ureter, the tube that links the kidney to the bladder, will be connected
to the bladder.
The transplanted kidney may function
immediately. In some cases the kidney begins to work only after a week
or so. Soreness or pain around the surgery site is common.. The recovery
time in the hospital is usually about seven days.
We advise patients from outside of India to come prepared for a 10-12
week stay, post-discharge, in the city where the transplant is done.
This is to facilitate routine dressings initially and for monitoring
thereafter.
What are the chances of a successful kidney transplant?
With proper matching and appropriate
medication, the chances of a successful transplant are good. A
successful kidney transplant gives the patient strength and vitality.
The patient can return to a close to normal diet and food intake. A more
normal lifestyle and more independence in day to day activities is
possible.
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Are kidney transplants done in India?
Yes, kidney transplants are done
exceptionally well at many hospitals in India. The success rates match
international standards. Indian doctors have a wealth of experience in
kidney transplants owing to the large number of procedures done. We
offer kidney transplants at five leading centres in India.
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Can you find a kidney donor for us in India
Sorry, we take on only those cases where
the donor is organised by the patient’s family. Preferably, the donor
should be a close relative of the patient. Siblings, parents, children
and spouse come under the category of 'close relatives'.
In cases where the donor is not a close
relative, government permission is required and is given only if it is
established that there is no commercial angle whatsoever to the
donation.
In view of various ethical and legal
issues involving the sale of kidneys, we do not take on the
responsibility of organising kidney donors.
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Costs
Hospital costs :
The total cost of the kidney transplant would be $ 15,000 to $ 30,000
depending on the ward category, extent of treatment, complications, etc.
Hospital stay would be about 8 days for the donor, 15 days for the
patient. The cost includes all hospital costs from the time of admission
of the patient and the donor till the time of their discharge after the
transplant.
Accommodation outside the hospital : The
patient will need to stay in an apartment near the hospital for about 2
weeks before the surgery and for about 8-10 weeks after the transplant.
Accommodation in a furnished apartment starts at about $ 650 a month.
Four steps to get a kidney transplant done in India
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